An overview
Patient data were extracted from medical records, including age (years), gender (male, female), education level (high school or lower, university or higher), income status (minimum wage or lower, higher than minimum wage), presence of chronic diseases (present, absent), CVD diagnosis (myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, arrhythmias, valvular heart diseases, cardiomyopathies), cigarette pack-years (cigarettes per day years smoked/20), Fagerstrm test for nicotine dependence (FTND) scores (range: 010), and smoking cessation treatments received
Through the windpipe or trachea, air enters the lungs when we breathe in
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