However, it is possible that the instruments can be correlated with the error term in the outcome equation
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(The District of Columbia has the highest tax at $4.50 and Missouri has the lowest at 17 cents.)6-8 All other tobacco products are taxed at 5% of the manufacturers price.6,7 Clean indoor air ordinances Smoking is prohibited in childcare facilities.6,7 Smoking restrictions are required in government workplaces, schools and recreational/cultural facilties.6,7 There are no smoking restrictions for private workplaces, restaurants, bars, casinos/gaming establishments and retail stores.6,7 The use of e-cigarettes is prohibited in ambulances.9 All school districts must adopt, implement and enforce a written policy prohibiting the use of alternative nicotine products in and on school property, and at school-sponsored events.9 The use of e-cigarettes is prohibited in child residential care facility vehicles

We also investigated relationships between clinical characteristics such as age, gender, BMI increase, successful smoking cessation, and alcohol drinking habits and newly-developed GERD 1 year after smoking cessation in patients who had not had GERD at the first visit