Keywords: Hookah, Waterpipe, Smoking, Cardiovascular disease, Toxicity Introduction Hookah also known as waterpipe, narghile, argileh, shisha, hubble-bubble, goza, borry, qaylan, chica, and madaa (Fig
In the setting of cigarette smoking, smokers are exposed to more than 7,000 components in its gaseous and particulate phases, including nicotine, direct carcinogens (such as acrolein, benzo-pyrenes, methylcholanthrene, and heavy metals), toxins (such as acetone, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and hydroquinone), oxidants (such as nitrogen oxides and superoxide), and reactive solids with chemically catalytic surfaces (Staempfli and Anderson, 2009
Almost 300 filters collected in the bucket instead of on the ground in less than a week
Accepts functional additions like induction seals, tear tapes or easy-open features during converting