Initial assessment and engagement Comprehensive assessment is a foundation for treatment: Detailed substance use history Assessment of functional impairment Identification of comorbid mental health concerns Evaluation of motivation to change Engagement techniques such as motivational interviewing help clients clarify goals, explore ambivalence, and foster readiness for change

Some of these are indicated below: Hookah (Indian subcontinent) Narghile (Israel) Argileh (Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Azerbaijan, and Kuwait) Chillim (Uzbekistan and Afghanistan) Shisha (Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Somalia, and countries of the Arab Peninsula) Hookah Smoking: Facts and Figures Nearly 4.8 percent high school students in the US smoke hookah Around 13.6 percent of young adults aged 18-24 years in the US smoke hookah The age-group of 18-24 years accounts for 55 percent hookah smokers across the US Hookah smokers are more likely to start smoking cigarettes than non-hookah smokers Hookah smoking is spreading at an alarming rate among the youth worldwide As per a survey of seven Middle East countries, the rate of hookah smoking ranges between 9-15 percent, which is higher than cigarette smoking in some other countries A UK study showed that the prevalence of hookah smoking is more than double that of cigarette smoking Why is Hookah Smoking Dangerous

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