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Public Awareness of the Health Risks of Tobacco Historically, people believed smoking protected against diseases, particularly the plague

Relative Risks The risk of dying from ischemic heart disease [1.27 (1.191.36)] and lung cancer [1.16 (1.031.3)] among never-smokers compared with unexposed never-smokers was extracted from the Surgeon General's Report.5 The relative risks of smokers and former smokers, by sex and age group, are derived from 5 US cohorts comprising nearly 1 million people over the age of 29 during the period 20002010.11 Sensitivity Analysis To assess the impact of risks on the estimated AM, the calculation was repeated using mortality risks previously applied to the estimates in Spain.12,13 Two alternative scenarios were also evaluated, one using the estimated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-AM and the other using estimated cerebrovascular disease (CVD)-AM, since the Surgeon General's Report suggests a likely causal relationship between ETS and both diseases

View at Publisher | View at Google Scholar Speight P M, Palmer S, Moles D R, Downer M C, Smith D H

BalboSJames-YiSJohnsonCSOSullivanMGStepanovIWangMet al(S)-n'-nitrosonornicotine, a constituent of smokeless tobacco, is a powerful oral cavity carcinogen in rats