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WMA statement on electronic cigarettes and other electronic nicotine delivery systems
Following that, quantitative research was conducted on campus to assess the prevalence of tobacco use and its determinants among students 5,6 , in addition to examine their knowledge and attitudes towards the existing smoking policy and the implementation of a 100% smoke- and tobacco-free policy on campus 13,14
Demographic characteristics The following variables, assessed at Wave 1 in the parent questionnaire, were included as covariates for teenage substance use, based on results from previous studies 39,40 : Teenager Gender (M/F), Income (equivalized to account for household size and composition using the modified Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development equivalence scale and presented in quintiles), Region (urban/rural), Household type (one parent, one child