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Another way to explore the regressive effect of excise taxes is to calculate how a tax increase would affect after-tax income

A trend interaction was observed between PLWH and smoking on verbal fluency, with no effects on other domains (see Supplemental Fig

This was a significant fall from the 1948 peak, and the subsequent 50 years of the survey reveals there has been a steady downward trend in smoking rates in the UK.[ix] But even with cigarette use falling, the effects of smoking continue to be significant

2 Worldwide, an estimated 33% of male non-smokers, 35% of female non-smokers and 40% of children are exposed to SHS