For smokers who are considering quitting smoking and want to switch from traditional cigarettes to vape, there is a question that always lingers in their mind: "How many traditional cigarettes is a disposable vape equivalent to?" This question seems simple at first glance, but in fact it involves many complex variables, such as the type of e-cigarette, nicotine strength, personal frequency of use, and personal usage habits
To address this issue, the MG-CFA in the first step can be replaced with the multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (ML-CFA) using Bayesian estimation, which is more robust to small sample sizes (for details, see Zhao et al., 2025)
He did his best to sound official, mentioning something about the Chilean government not allowing any logos or graphic treatments that alter the national flag
They usually congregate near water, because this is where mosquito larvae thrive