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Abbreviations AP-1: Activator protein-1 CAPE: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester EC: Endothelial cell EGCG: Epigallocatechin gallate FLASH Therapy: Flashed High-dose Rate Radiotherapy FOXO: Forkhead box GPx: Glutathione peroxidase GR: Glutathione reductase IL-8: Interleukin-8 IV: Intravenous NOX: NADPH oxidase NF- B: NF-kappa B Nrf2: Nuclear factor-E2-associated factor 2 PI3K-AKT-mTOR: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase\ Protein Kinase B\ Mammalian Target of Rapamycin ROS: Reactive oxygen species REV: Resveratrol SOD: Superoxide dismutase TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor-alpha DHC: Dihydrocurcumin THC: Tetrahydrocurcumin HHC: Hexahydrocurcumin OHC: Octahydrocurcumin References Bray, F., Jemal, A., Grey, N., Ferlay, J

MTs and cardioprotection in diabetes Several studies have demonstrated that MTs can prevent and inhibit cardiac oxidative stress, protecting against the cardiotoxicity caused by chemotherapeutic agents [132], inhibit pathological changes in the hearts of diabetes patients [133], and protect the cardiac endoplasmic reticulum from stress and apoptosis [134, 135]

Data are mean SEM of 4 independent experiments