Directly supplementing with oral reduced glutathione (L-GSH), however, presents a fundamental pharmacokinetic challenge: GSH has a plasma half-life of approximately 1.6 minutes, undergoes rapid hydrolysis in the gut by intestinal -glutamyl transpeptidase (-GT), and cannot cross cell membranes intact requiring full breakdown into constituent amino acids and intracellular resynthesis
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Statements Author contributions XPZ: Investigation, Writing original draft, Writing review & editing, Data curation, Supervision, Methodology, Software, Conceptualization, Resources, Visualization, Project administration, Formal analysis, Validation