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The metabolism of starch and sucrose (15 KOs), was also reduced in the AcM groups ( PYG , sucrose phosphorylase , GBE1 , glgA , UGP2 , glgC , malZ , INV , 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase , pgmB , celA , celB , scrA , bglX and inuJ ), together with the depletion of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), and with the biosynthesis of cofactors (31 KOs), including those involved in the metabolism of vitamins, such as thiamine ( adk , thiD , thiI and iscS ), riboflavin ( ribF ), pantothenate ( coaA , coaBC and coaE ), pyridoxine ( pdxK ) and folate ( DHFR , folC , folD , fhs , glyA and metK )
New strategies include nanoparticle-based antioxidant delivery to vascular tissues and personalized redox therapies guided by genetic and biomarker profiling (Tang et al., 2024)
Known for its ability to support mitochondrial energy production, B12 helps patients stay alert, sharp, and motivatedespecially during calorie restriction phases