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Reversal of doxorubicin-induced cardiac metabolic damage by L-carnitine

Deletion of Pde3a and Pde3b in PASMCs can inhibit mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and enhance glycolysis by downregulating the AMPK/CREB signal and upregulating PDK1/2/4 ( The metabolic reprogramming of PASMCs is mainly driven by chronic hypoxia, which upregulates adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) in a HIF-1-dependent manner

Actin is a vital intracellular protein responsible for forming the structural microfilaments that allow for cellular movement and rapid division

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in cell signaling, however when the balance between ROS production and consumption is disrupted, it can lead to cell damage