IV therapy delivers superior results with 90-100% bioavailability compared to 10-50% for oral supplements, making NAD IV with glutathione the most effective delivery method
The GI side effect timeline provides benchmarks for normal duration versus concerning persistence
Mechanistically, riboflavin deficiency leads to diminished glutathione reductase activity, reducing the GSH/GSSG ratio and compromising redox buffering
The Beck Depression Inventory I (BDI-I) was used to evaluate depression symptoms, which assesses psychic, physical, and cognitive aspects, not including anxiety symptoms ( The Rosenberg Scale was used to assess self-esteem ( The Familiar Social and Friends Support Scale (FSFSS) was used to assess social and familiar support ( Groups The students were stratified into the following four groups to analyze self-esteem, socio-familiar support, GSH levels, and CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte counts according to PSS-10, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and BDI-I scores: control group (participants without stress, anxiety, or depression), stress (S) group (PSS-10 score 11), stress and anxiety (SA) group (PSS-10 score 11 and Hamilton Anxiety Scale score 7), and stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) group (PSS-10 score 11, Hamilton Anxiety Scale score 7, and BDI-I score 11)
