In addition, nine studies of these studies were performed in Egypt (Reference Badawy, State and Abdelgawad13,Reference Hassan, Alalfy and Hassan18,Reference Badawy, El Nashar and El Totongy20,Reference Elnashar, Fahmy and Mansour21,Reference Hashim, Anwar and El-Fatah22,Reference Nasr9,Reference Elgindy, El-Huseiny and Mostafa23,Reference Maged, Elsawah and Abdelhafez8,Reference El Sharkwy and Abd El Aziz24) , four in Iran (Reference Nemati, Nemati and Taheri12,Reference Ghomian, Khadem and Moeindarbari5,Reference Teimouri, Mollashahi and Paracheh7,Reference Cheraghi, Mehranjani and Shariatzadeh25) , two in Turkey (Reference Kose and Naziroglu26,Reference Oner and Muderris11) , two in India (Reference Chandil, Pande and Sen27,Reference Gayatri, Kumar and Kumar28) and one in Italy (Reference Fulghesu, Ciampelli and Muzj29)
Several drugs have been studied, but none have demonstrated significant benefits, indicating a need for larger, well-designed, controlled trials
Fortified plant-based foods and beverages may also contain B12
These include synthetic peptides, fusion proteins, and recombinant peptides
