Lancet 406 , 26442655 (2025)
Dietary modifications can accommodate altered taste preferences: Experiment with different food temperatures, as cold or room-temperature foods may be better tolerated than hot meals Try smaller, more frequent meals rather than large portions Focus on bland, easily digestible foods during periods of heightened nausea Incorporate tart or citrus flavors, which some patients find more palatable Avoid strong-smelling foods that may trigger aversions Stay well-hydrated, as adequate fluid intake can help with metallic taste sensations Nutritional adequacy should be monitored, particularly during significant taste changes
J Med Sci 7(4):585590 Vvrov L, Kodydkov J, Zeman M, Duejovsk M, Macek J, Stakov B, Tvrzick E, Zk A (2013) Altered activities of antioxidant enzymes in patients with metabolic syndrome
Regardless of the original underlying condition that causes kidney injury, interstitial fibrosis is present in all cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD)