Non carbonated drink containing L-carnitine
Abbreviations [Ca 2+ ] i : Intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ER: Endoplasmic reticulum GCG: Glucagon GCGR: Glucagon receptor GIP: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GIPR: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1R: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor GSIS: Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion HFD: High-fat diet LFD: Normal chow diet KO: Knockout nt: Nucleotide PKC: Protein kinase C PLC: Phospholipase C TPPO: Triphenylphosphine oxide TRPM5: Transient receptor potential melastatin 5 WT: Wild-type References Finan B, Yang B, Ottaway N et al (2015) A rationally designed monomeric peptide triagonist corrects obesity and diabetes in rodents
Shi L, Ji Y, Jiang X, Zhou L, Xu Y, Li Y et al (2015) Liraglutide attenuates high glucose-induced abnormal cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating the GLP-1 receptor, and inhibiting ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways
They lack quality human data, carry unknown risks, have purity and contamination concerns, exist in legal gray areas, and are prohibited in sports and military settings
